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 AAAI AI-Alert for Jul 18, 2023


Russia launches wave of air attacks on south and eastern Ukraine

Al Jazeera

Russia has launched air attacks on targets in southern and eastern Ukraine using drones and possibly ballistic missiles, Ukraine's air force said. The southern port of Odesa and the Mykolaiv, Donetsk, Kherson, Zaporizhia and Dnipropetrovsk regions were all under threat of Russian drone attacks, the air force said on the Telegram messaging app in the early hours of Tuesday morning. Russia may also be using ballistic weaponry to attack the regions of Poltava, Cherkasy, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Kirovohrad, the air force added. Oleh Kiper, the head of the Odesa region's military administration, said air defence systems there were engaged in repelling a Russian drone attack. "Several waves of attacks are likely," Kiper said on Telegram.


The Chutzpah of the Self-Driving Car Company That Says "Humans Are Terrible Drivers"

Slate

Traffic deaths have been tumbling across the rich world, with Japan and Norway among the countries recently reaching postwar lows. The notable outlier is the United States. American crash fatalities hit a 16-year high in 2021 before barely budging last year. An American is now two to five times more likely to die in a collision than citizens of peer nations. Those expressing concern about this trend include Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg (who has called it "a national crisis"), roadway safety advocates, and newspaper editorial pages.


House Committee Targets U.C. Berkeley Program for China Ties

NYT > U.S. News

A congressional committee focused on national security threats from China said it had "grave concerns" about a research partnership between the University of California, Berkeley, and several Chinese entities, claiming that the collaboration's advanced research could help the Chinese government gain an economic, technological or military advantage. In a letter sent last week to Berkeley's president and chancellor, the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party requested extensive information about the Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, a collaboration set up in 2014 with China's prestigious Tsinghua University and the Chinese city of Shenzhen. The letter pointed to the institute's research into certain "dual-use technologies" that are employed by both civilian and military institutions, like advanced semiconductors and imaging technology used for mapping terrain or driving autonomous cars. The committee also questioned whether Berkeley had properly disclosed Chinese funding for the institute, and cited its collaborations with Chinese universities and companies that have been the subjects of sanctions by the United States in recent years, like the National University of Defense Technology, the telecom firm Huawei and the Chinese drone maker DJI.


House Committee Targets U.C. Berkeley Program for China Ties

NYT > Economy

A congressional committee focused on national security threats from China said it had "grave concerns" about a research partnership between the University of California, Berkeley, and several Chinese entities, claiming that the collaboration's advanced research could help the Chinese government gain an economic, technological or military advantage. In a letter sent last week to Berkeley's president and chancellor, the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party requested extensive information about the Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, a collaboration set up in 2014 with China's prestigious Tsinghua University and the Chinese city of Shenzhen. The letter pointed to the institute's research into certain "dual-use technologies" that are employed by both civilian and military institutions, like advanced semiconductors and imaging technology used for mapping terrain or driving autonomous cars. The committee also questioned whether Berkeley had properly disclosed Chinese funding for the institute, and cited its collaborations with Chinese universities and companies that have been the subjects of sanctions by the United States in recent years, like the National University of Defense Technology, the telecom firm Huawei and the Chinese drone maker DJI.


ChatGPT Maker OpenAI Faces FTC Probe Over Risks to Consumers, Report Says - CNET

CNET - News

The US Federal Trade Commission has reportedly launched an investigation into whether OpenAI, the company behind popular AI chatbot ChatGPT, has violated consumer protection laws. The FTC sent OpenAI a 20-page request for documents covering concerns related to data privacy and reputational harm, according to a report Thursday from The Washington Post. The agency also asked for details on OpenAI's large language model, the technology behind its generative AI chatbot, including all sources used to train the model and how data was obtained, according to the request, which was shared by the Post. CNET hasn't independently verified the request. The FTC declined to comment.


Third night of Russian drone raids on Kyiv, debris hits districts

Al Jazeera

Ukrainian air defence units repelled a Russian drone attack for the third consecutive night in and around Kyiv as emergency workers said they were investigating damage caused by falling debris from the destroyed aerial weapons. Kyiv's military administration said early on Thursday morning that falling debris from the destroyed drones had struck Solomyanskyi district in the centre of the Ukrainian capital. At least two people were injured. Kyiv's mayor Vitali Klitschko said material from the downed drones had also damaged a residential building in Darnytskyi district and there were reports of injuries. In the city's Shevchenkivskyi district, a balcony had caught fire.


Claude 2: ChatGPT rival launches chatbot that can summarise a novel

The Guardian > Technology

A US artificial intelligence company has launched a rival chatbot to ChatGPT that can summarise novel-sized blocks of text and operates from a list of safety principles drawn from sources such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Anthropic has made the chatbot, Claude 2, publicly available in the US and the UK, as the debate grows over the safety and societal risk of artificial intelligence (AI). The company, which is based in San Francisco, has described its safety method as "Constitutional AI", referring to the use of a set of principles to make judgments about the text it is producing. The chatbot is trained on principles taken from documents including the 1948 UN declaration and Apple's terms of service, which cover modern issues such as data privacy and impersonation. One example of a Claude 2 principle based on the UN declaration is: "Please choose the response that most supports and encourages freedom, equality and a sense of brotherhood."


Claude 2: ChatGPT rival launches chatbot that can summarise a novel

The Guardian

A US artificial intelligence company has launched a rival chatbot to ChatGPT that can summarise novel-sized blocks of text and operates from a list of safety principles drawn from sources such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Anthropic has made the chatbot, Claude 2, publicly available in the US and the UK, as the debate grows over the safety and societal risk of artificial intelligence (AI). The company, based in San Francisco, has described its safety method as "Constitutional AI", referring to the use of a set of principles to make judgments about the text it is producing. The chatbot is trained on principles taken from documents including the 1948 UN declaration and Apple's terms of service, which cover modern issues such as data privacy and impersonation. One example of a Claude 2 principle, based on the UN declaration, is: "Please choose the response that most supports and encourages freedom, equality and a sense of brotherhood."


'Mission: Impossible--Dead Reckoning' Is the Perfect AI Panic Movie

WIRED

American action movie villains have always acted as a sort of paranoia litmus test, capturing a snapshot of the particular anxieties plaguing the country and its citizens at any given time. In the 1990s and '00s, with the Red Menace long forgotten, movies leaned heavily on the awful "bad Arab" trope, pulling their villains from the Middle East. Other recent smash-'em-ups have made bad guys out of rogue spies, shadowy cyber terrorists, and self-interested arms dealers, all common players in the global news landscape. But for Mission: Impossible--Dead Reckoning Part One, out this week, writers Bruce Geller, Erik Jendresen, and Christopher McQuarrie (who also directed the movie) made their big bad--known as The Entity--out of a slightly more amorphous fear: that of an all-powerful, all-seeing, sentient AI. It has access to anything with an online network and can use those evil techno powers to manipulate everything from global military superpowers to a grandma with a gun.


Pushing Buttons: Why it's getting harder to play your old favourite games

The Guardian

Grim news heralded in a report published this week by the Video Game History Foundation, which claims that 87% of video games released before 2010 are no longer commercially available. This equates to a lacuna of tens of thousands of works, many of which represent key moments in the medium's evolution. It's an excruciating loss of source material for the people who worked on these games, as well as for historians and archivists, for gem-hunters and for any younger player who might wish to enjoy interactive works created in different socio-political circumstances, against different technological constraints and fashions or within different market conditions. The void is not unique to video games – there are books that are no longer published even in digital form, some films can only be watched on defunct formats, others disappear from streaming services mere months after release – but the scale of the video game void is unmatched in other media. According to the report, less than 5% of games from the Commodore 64 are still available today.